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Covid 19: How physics can come in Handy
¹ÚÁØ¿µ °­³²Æ÷½ºÆ® Çлý±âÀÚ | ½ÂÀÎ 2021.08.09 21:20

With the emerge of a new delta mutant of the Covid-19 virus, the number of people who get contaminated in South Korea has once again reached over 1000 and is still growing. As the pandemic is spreading rapidly, scientists must respond to the pandemic faster than ever. It is where physics came in to help the scientists face the pandemic.

Physics-based technology plays a huge role in the field of structural biology, which is crucial in facing the pandemic. The vast majority of biological macromolecules were obtained through X-ray crystallography when John Desmond Bernal and Dorothy Hodgkin recorded a crystallized protein's first X-ray diffraction pattern. From this point, the use of X-ray crystallography has been widely being used. For example, the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 on February 6 by a research team led by Zihe Rao and Haitao Yang at ShanghaiTech University in China uploaded the structure of the virus's main protease to the Protein Data Bank after obtaining the dataset using X-ray crystallography.

Although some molecules refuse to be crystallized, there is still an alternative which is a technique called a cryo-EM. This technique uses a solution containing the biomolecule or complex of interest applied to a sample grid as a thin layer. The grid is flash-frozen in liquid ethane to verify the sample, which is then imaged by the electron microscope with low doses of electrons to minimize the radiation damage towards the biomolecule of interest. Since single molecules are imaged directly, there is no need for crystallization.

With these techniques, the analysis of viruses has been able to take a huge step. Although scientists are able to fight back the pandemic with these methods, there still needs precautions in fighting the pandemic. But one sure thing is that without physics, this development would have been impossible.


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