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An Aging Population Threatens South Korea¡¯s Financial Future
±èÁøÈ£ °­³²Æ÷½ºÆ® Çлý±âÀÚ | ½ÂÀÎ 2023.08.23 11:40

South Korea’s aging population poses an immeasurable problem to the nation’s finances.  As the rate of growth for the population of those 65 years or older continues to rise, birth rates persist on hitting all-time lows year after year.  The quickly dwindling working-age population coupled with a burgeoning elderly population all point to severe financial burdens in the forthcoming decades. 

The Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS) of the Statistical Office recently announced findings that state 46.4% of the population will be comprised of the elderly, aged 65 years and older, by 2070.  In simpler terms, nearly half of the nation’s population will be aged 65 years and older.  Furthermore, 2037 is predicted to be another turning-point in terms of population as there will be more citizens aged 75 years and older than those aged between 65 and 74 years old.  These figures are on course to place South Korea at the top of the list of OECD nations with the highest percentage of citizens aged 75 years and older. 

By 2070, the current working-age population (15-64 years old) of 36 million will face a drastic drop of 25% to 17 million.  Consequently, the dependency ratio, which compares the elderly population per 100 working-age citizens, will undergo an unprecedented increase of 285% as the figures rise from 26.1 in 2023 to 100.6 in 2070.  In other words, currently 5 citizens are responsible for one elderly citizen but in the near future, every working-age citizen will be responsible for one elderly citizen. 

The radical change to the population landscape is a concerning red flag for the nation’s future finances especially as expenditures for the National Pension Service, Basic Pension, and other mandatory services increase.  The worrying social phenomenon of an ever-growing beneficiary population in the face of a quickly declining contributor pool is bound to grow worse. 

Further exacerbating the problem, the almost inevitable nature of the aging population will signal a decline in growth rate for the economy and slowdown in domestic demand.  As the economy shrinks, tax revenue will also decrease leading to an unenviable feedback loop that will prove to be disastrous for South Korea’s finances. 


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