The synthetic thiazine dye known as methylene blue solution (MBS), often referred to as methylthioninium chloride, was first utilized in the textile industry and was discovered in 1891. Particularly, cationic dyes containing methylene blue are employed in dyeing, paint production, wool coloring, and other processes. However, MBS exhibits biologically neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in its medical application, which can aid in the growth and survival of neurons. Studies also point to MBS's additional function in promoting mitochondrial respiration, in which it can act as either the final electron acceptor or the electron donor in place of oxygen when the mitochondria are stressed. This prevents electron leakage in the mitochondria and the aggravation of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia. 

According to a study from the Oklahoma Children's Hospital Study Center that was published in the journal FASEB, methylene blue may be used to treat or reduce the progression of Alzheimer's disease. An in-depth analysis showed that low doses of methylene blue improved critical metabolic and biochemical processes, which postponed cell aging and enhanced mitochondrial activity. The researchers' findings, according to BRIC, "are quite encouraging. We anticipate using methylene blue to help Alzheimer's sufferers maintain their physical and cognitive abilities in the future. The abnormal functioning of mitochondria is one of the key aspects of Alzheimer's disease. By improving mitochondrial function, methylene blue can increase the brain's mitochondrial reserve. necessary for the prevention,"

Granted, this medical strategy has drawbacks because methylene blue can not easily reach the targeted areas of the brain, and large concentrations are known to potentially harm the brain. Therefore, more research is required in the future to find the best concentration and transfer strategy. 

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