In order to stabilize war-torn areas, safeguard civilians, and promote long-lasting peace, UN peacekeeping operations are essential in warring states. With over 90,000 people currently stationed in unstable regions like the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), South Sudan, Mali, and the Central African Republic (CAR), the United Nations (UN) has been spearheading these missions since 1948.

Peacekeeping has significant challenges because of the complexity of today's conflicts. Modern conflicts differ from traditional wars in that multiple armed organizations are involved, each with its objective, making neutrality and mediation efforts more challenging.  For example, in Mali, threats from numerous extremist groups make it challenging for peacekeepers to protect civilians and aid in stabilizing efforts.

https://www.usip.org/publications/2021/02/how-biden-administration-can-revive-un-peacekeeping

Inadequate resources are another barrier to peacekeeping efforts. The demands of modern peacekeeping surpass available resources, even with significant financial contributions. This has an impact on logistics, training, and overall mission success. Lack of resources makes it difficult for the UN to help the peace process and safeguard people in South Sudan.

The credibility and legitimacy of peacekeeping missions are further undermined by instances of wrongdoing by troops, including sexual assault and exploitation. Although the UN has implemented measures to improve accountability, problems still exist.

Despite these challenges, peacekeeping missions have been successful in East Timor, Kosovo, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. In order to improve their efficacy, peacekeeping operations require well-defined objectives, sufficient financial support, enhanced transparency, and international collaboration, indicating promising prospects for the peacekeeping force.
 

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