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The Fifth Force of Nature?
À̹®Çü °­³²Æ÷½ºÆ® Çлý±âÀÚ | ½ÂÀÎ 2019.12.04 22:26

There are four known forces of the universe: gravity, electromagnetism, weak nuclear force, and strong nuclear force. They control everything from the orbits of planets to the structure of an atom. However, the new research may prove that a fifth force exists.


Scientists at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Atomki) Institute for Nuclear Research lead by physicist Attila Krasznahorkay have discovered what might be an example of the fifth force. In their experiment, the scientists were observing a helium atom decaying when the particles split apart in an abnormal angle ? 115 degrees ? which couldn’t be explained by known physics.


The researchers say that this was their second time seeing a new particle, which they call X17 by its mass. The first time discovering a new particle was three years ago; they had been studying the decay of isotope beryllium-8. Here, they saw particles splitting at around a 140-degree angle, unusual like the angle of the helium atom splitting. They say that the X17 may be a particle, which would show a relation between our world with the dark matter. The team called the fifth force a “protophobic force” because the particles split in a way avoiding the protons. This force will be similar to weak and strong force, working in the level of atoms and particles. The scientific community, especially nuclear physicists, have tried to look for faults in the Hungarian team’s work, but consolidating that their experiment was not an accident or an error, they failed.


According to Jonathan Feng, a professor of physics and astronomy at the University of California at Irvine who had been following the Hungarian team’s work, if the results of the experiment can be replicated, it would prove to be a revolutionary discovery, changing the world of physics. If a research group can repeat the results with a third type of atom other than beryllium and helium, the existence of the fifth force will become more apparent. After that, naming the force and harnessing it would become the task for the physicists.

 

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¿ìÁÖ¿¡´Â Áß·Â, ÀüÀÚ±â·Â, ¾à·Â, °­·ÂÀÇ ÀÚ¿¬°è 4°¡Áö ÈûÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº Ç༺ÀÇ ±ËµµºÎÅÍ ¿øÀÚÀÇ ±¸Á¶±îÁö ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ÀÌ·é´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é ¶Ç ÀÚ¿¬°è¿¡ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÈûÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.


 ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚ ¾ÆÆ¿¶óÅ©¶ó½¬³ªÈ£¸£Å°((Attila Krasznahorkay)°¡ À̲ô´Â Çë°¡¸® °úÇпø (Atomki) ¿øÀÚ·Â ¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ °úÇÐÀÚµéÀº ´Ù¼¸ ¹ø° ÈûÀÌ Àû¿ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÇ´Â Çö»óÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ½ÇÇè¿¡¼­ Çï·ý ¿øÀÚ°¡ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ °¢µµ (115µµ)·Î ºÐ¸®µÇ´Â ºÐ¿­ °úÁ¤À» °üÂûÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ Çï·ýÀÇ ºØ±«´Â Áö±Ý±îÁöÀÇ ¹°¸®ÇÐÀ¸·Î ¼³¸íÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀÏÀ̾ú´Ù.


 ¿¬±¸¿øµéÀº Çï·ý ¿øÀÚ¸¦ ºÐ¿­Çϸ鼭 »õ·Î ¹ß°ßÇÑ ÀÔÀÚ¸¦ Áú·®ÀÌ 17 ¸Þ°¡ÀüÀÚº¼Æ®¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡ X17À̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. À̵éÀº ÀÌ ½ÇÇèÀÌ »õ·Î¿î ÀÔÀÚ¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÑ °ÍÀÌ µÎ¹ø°¶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù. óÀ½ ¹ß°ßÇÑ °ÍÀº 3³â Àü¿¡ µ¿À§ ¿ø¼Ò º£¸±·ý 8ÀÇ ºØ±«¸¦ ¿¬±¸ÇÒ ¶§¿´´Ù. Çï·ý ¿øÀÚ°¡ °¥¶óÁö´Â °¢µµ¿Í °°ÀÌ À̶§µµ º£¸±·ý 8 ÀÔÀÚ°¡ ƯÀÌÇÑ °¢µµ (´ë·« 140µµ)·Î °¥¶óÁ³¾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº X17ÀÌ ÀÔÀÚÀÏ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù°í ¸»Çϴµ¥, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿ì¸® ¼¼»ó°ú ¾ÏÃø ¹°Áú »çÀÌÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ÀÔÀÚ°¡ ¾ç¼ºÀÚ¸¦ ÇÇÇØ ºÐ¿­ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸°í ´Ù¼¸ ¹ø° ÈûÀ» “photophobic force”, Áï ¾ç¼ºÀÚ¸¦ ÇÇÇÏ´Â ÈûÀ̶ó°í ºÒ·¶´Ù. ÀÌ ÈûÀº ¿øÀÚ¿Í ÀÔÀÚ ¼öÁØ¿¡¼­ ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´Â ¾à·Â°ú °­·Â°ú À¯»çÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °úÇа迡¼­ ƯÈ÷ ÇÙ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚµéÀº Çë°¡¸® ÆÀÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ °áÁ¡À» ãÀ¸·Á°í ÇßÁö¸¸ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Çë°¡¸® ÆÀÀÇ ¿¬±¸°¡ ¿À·ù³ª ½Ç¼ö°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ´õ¿í ÀÔÁõÇÏ¿´´Ù.


Çë°¡¸® ÆÀÀÇ ¿¬±¸¸¦ µû¸£´ø ¾î¹ÙÀΠĶ¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ´ëÇÐÀÇ ¹°¸® ¹× õ¹®ÇÐ ±³¼ö Á¶³ª´ÜÆë(Jonathan Feng)Àº ½ÇÇè °á°ú¸¦ ÀçÇöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¼¼°è¸¦ º¯È­½ÃÅ°´Â Çõ½ÅÀûÀÎ ¹ß°ßÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ¾î¶² ¿¬±¸ ±×·ìÀÌ º£¸±·ý ¹× Çï·ýÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¼¼¹ø° ¿øÀÚ·Î °á°ú¸¦ ¹Ýº¹ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÀÚ¿¬°èÀÇ ´Ù¼¸ ¹ø° ÈûÀÇ Á¸Àç°¡ º¸´Ù ¸í¹éÇØÁú °ÍÀ̶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù. ±× ÈÄ ÈûÀÇ À̸§À» Á¤ÇÏ°í ±×°ÍÀ» È°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ¿¬±¸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹°¸®ÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ÀÓ¹«°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

 

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