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The Global Race for a Coronavirus VaccineVaccine from Oxford University Shows Promising Results
À̼­Áø °­³²Æ÷½ºÆ® Çлý±âÀÚ | ½ÂÀÎ 2020.08.06 20:43

As the race is on to find a vaccine that would combat the COVID-19, the scientists are making concerted efforts to develop a safe and effective vaccine in a fraction of a time it normally takes. Among the vaccine prototypes, the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine from Oxford is considered to be the most advanced one.

Vaccination triggers an immune response in the body by introducing genetically weakened pathogens that do not cause actual infections. The vaccine from Oxford is made from a genetically modified virus that causes the common cold in chimpanzees. Researchers modified it to resemble the coronavirus by transferring the genetic instructions for the coronavirus’s spike protein to the common cold virus. The spike protein is a membrane protein of the coronavirus that binds to receptors on target cells, making it responsible for cell entry. This allows our body to become immunized against the coronavirus without actually being exposed to it.

Oxford reported that its vaccine successfully induced an antibody and the T-cell response in the trial involving 1,077 healthy people. Antibodies are protein molecules secreted by B-cells that defend against infection by neutralizing the pathogens. Neutralizing antibodies molecules bind to the antigens, disabling the pathogen from invading cells. However, upon the primary exposure to the antigen, it usually takes about a week or two until the B cells can find and make the specific antibody that fits the particular antigen.

However, if vaccination introduces the antigens in advance, the immune system can create a much more rapid response against subsequent invasions of the same antigen. This is done by long-lived memory cells that remember the specific antibodies to secrete when they recognize the same antigen.

The results of the vaccine prototype are so far promising, but there is still much work to be done until its safety and effectiveness are fully guaranteed.


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