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The History of OncologyMajor discoveries in oncology
ÀÓ¼ö¿µ °­³²Æ÷½ºÆ® Çлý±âÀÚ | ½ÂÀÎ 2021.05.25 21:31

These days, there have been a large number of people infected or killed by the most problematic disease worldwide, COVID-19. As the pandemic crucially interferes with people’s life in general, the invention of vaccinations were outstanding discoveries that amazed and led a myriad of people to happiness. However, among numerous diseases, we must not forget cancer and the importance of the development of its treatment, which must be prioritized in the medical field.

Cancer is the leading cause of death globally. It has killed approximately 10 million people in 2020 even with the development of various medical and surgical processes over 250 years.
In 1775, Percival Pott, founder of orthopedic, identified the correlation between the development of cancer and environmental factors, Carcinoma. At this period, no treatment nor testing was applicable, so this discovery was extremely beneficial to the overall health of people. In the late 1800s, the radical Mastectomy surgery was first developed as breast cancer surgery and was performed until the mid 20th century. The scientists were able to identify the effect of the chromosomal damage on uncontrollable mitosis in humans’ somatic cells which leads to cancer cells and metastasis.

The 1950s was, I call, the period when the most significant discoveries were made in the field of oncology. Roy Hertz and Min Chiu Li were able to completely cure the human solid tumor by chemotherapy, utilizing the drug methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine. It is the method in which the aggressive form of drugs is injected into the human's body, eradicating the rapidly growing cells. While this method kills off the cancer cells as they uncontrollably proliferate, it can also influence other normal cells, destabilizing their ability to perform a proper cellular function. In addition, in the late 1900s, numerous types of tumor suppressor genes were discovered, including p53 genes that are known as guardian angels in preventing cancer. A lot of research is still needed with these tumor suppressor genes so that, one day, cancer can be treated effectively with minor side effects to most people.


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