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Romance in the Iliad
ÀÌÁöÀÌ °­³²Æ÷½ºÆ® Çлý±âÀÚ | ½ÂÀÎ 2021.07.05 20:21

June, along with being indigenous history month, is pride month. It is celebrated each year to honor the 1969 Stonewall Uprising in Manhattan. The Stonewall Uprising was the peak of the Gay Liberation Movement in America. To celebrate this month, I have decided to present a famous and unique tale.

We start off in the Trojan war. Achilles, the well-known war hero who later tragically dies from an arrow at his ankle, is in his tent, refusing to part take in battle. Agamemnon had recently dishonored and angered him. Thanks to the best warrior in Greece sulking in his tent, the tide of the battle shifted with the Greeks at a major disadvantage. With Achilles was his lifelong companion Patroclus. Friends since their time in Phthia, Achilles' homeland, and raised to be warriors together by Charon, they were inseparable. Patroclus, knowing that the Greeks were losing, got dressed in Achilles' armor and led the army for him. Unfortunately, this does not end well for him. In book 16 of the Iliad, he meets his death by the hands of the Trojan general Hector.*

Achilles gets this message and is filled to the brim with rage. He laments Patroclus's death while fasting. This is shown in many artworks.**  The rage from Patroclus' death fuels him as he goes back into the battlefield once again. This time his only goal is to kill Hector and avenge Patroclus' death, despite a prophecy saying that doing this would cost his life. After defeating Hector, he ties Hector to the back of his chariot by the ankles and drags his cold corpse as he rides his chariot. This, of course, becomes the cause of Achilles' death, just like the prophecy that warned him.

The story of the Iliad would not have been the same if Achilles did not love Patroclus. Whether that love was romantic or platonic has been debated for centuries. Famous philosophers like Socrates and Plato had debates about whether their relationship was romantic or not. Socrates, while he also participated in homosexual relationships, believed that their bond was nothing sexual or romantic. He believed they loved each other like brothers. Plato, on the other hand, stated that they were divinely approved lovers and went forward to state that Achilles was the Eromenos, the bottom, in his book Symposium.***

Homer never explicitly says that their relationship was romantic or sexual. Despite this, their actions in the story make the reader question if their relationship was platonic. This would forever be debated since the Greeks didn't have the words homosexual or heterosexual. They believed men could desire handsome young men and also desire women. There is a word for that called Bisexuality. Therefore we would never be able to confirm if they were strictly homosexual or not.
This classic tale depends entirely on your opinion whether their relationship was romantic or not. However, for those who believe it was romantic, it could be giving a sense of comfort that LGBT people have existed even before the Stonewall Uprising. I heavily recommend reading "The song of Achilles" written by Madeline Miller, if you have the time.


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*Homerus, Murray, A. T., & Wyatt, W. F. (2003). The Iliad. Harvard Univ. Press.
**Hamilton, Gavin. Achilles lamenting the death of Patroclus. (1760-1763), Scottish National Gallery, EdinBurgh.
Uknown. Achilles mourning the death of Patroclus. (160CE), Archaeological Museum, Ostia.
*** Harrisson, Juliette Grace. 2016. "Shipping in Plato's Symposium." In "The Classical Canon and/as Transformative Work," edited by Ika Willis, special issue, Transformative Works and Cultures, no. 21. https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.2016.0690.

 

 

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