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Risk of False Negative Results from Covid-19 TestsGenetic Variants of Sars-CoV-2 May Lead to False Negative Results
±è¿µºó °­³²Æ÷½ºÆ® Çлý±âÀÚ | ½ÂÀÎ 2021.08.09 22:12

As of July 2021, the Covid-19 pandemic, caused by a novel strain of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has caused over 4 million deaths worldwide with more than 194 million laboratory-confirmed cases. In response to the fast-spreading nature of the virus, many test kits were developed, including some at-home tests that give results within minutes. However, with the continuing emergence of different variants, certain testing methods are quickly going obsolete, returning false-negative results.

There are two types of Covid-19 diagnostic tests: molecular tests and antibody tests. Molecular tests collect samples from a nasal or throat swab and screen for the presence of viral RNA, whereas samples for antibody tests are blood drawn by medical professionals or blood from a fingerstick, and they look for antibodies in patients’ immune systems generated in response to SARS-CoV-2. As antibody tests cannot diagnose active infection, molecular tests have been the primary mode of testing for Covid-19.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus mutates as it passes through many people. These mutations accumulate over time, and when there are enough mutations that can cause a significant change in the genome sequence of the virus, it develops into different variants. Because of mutations’ randomness, it is impossible to predict when and where the next variant will emerge from and how different the mutated genome sequence will be from the original sequence. That is why some molecular tests are failing to detect many of those SARS-CoV-2 variants. If the genetic sequence that a certain molecular test was designed to target changes due to a mutation, the test will return a false negative as it can no longer identify the same sequence in the genome.

As different variants are quickly spreading to the world, we must continue to track mutations in all variants and make sure to identify a primer sequence that can be used to detect the original SARS-CoV-2 and its variants to prevent the virus from spreading undetected.


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